Semaglutide
Also known as: Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
An FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. One of the most well-studied peptides available.
How it works
Semaglutide mimics GLP-1, a natural gut hormone. It reduces appetite by acting on brain receptors, slows gastric emptying to increase satiety, and enhances insulin secretion in response to meals.
Common uses
- Weight management (Wegovy)
- Type 2 diabetes (Ozempic)
- Cardiovascular risk reduction
Side effects
- Nausea (most common, usually temporary)
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Abdominal discomfort
- Headache and fatigue
- Rare: pancreatitis, gallbladder issues
Key research
- STEP 1-5 trials demonstrated 15-17% average weight loss over 68 weeks
- SELECT trial showed 20% reduction in major cardiovascular events
- SUSTAIN trials established efficacy for type 2 diabetes management
Safety notes
- Boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumors (observed in rodents)
- Contraindicated with personal/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
- Requires gradual dose titration to minimize GI side effects
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