Semax
Also known as: ACTH 4-10, Semax Amidate
A synthetic peptide based on a fragment of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), developed in Russia for cognitive support and neuroprotection. It is approved for clinical use in Russia but not in the United States.
How it works
Semax is an ACTH(4-10) analog that boosts brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which helps support nerve cell growth and survival. It also affects serotonin and dopamine systems in the brain, which can improve mood, focus, and mental energy. It is typically given as a nasal spray for quick absorption.
Common uses
- Cognitive function and focus
- BDNF enhancement
- Stroke recovery support
- Mood and mental clarity
Side effects
- Generally well-tolerated in Russian clinical use
- Mild nasal irritation from spray delivery
- Rare reports of headache
- Dizziness in some users
- Long-term safety data from large Western trials is lacking
Key research
- Russian clinical studies led to its approval for stroke recovery and cognitive disorders in the Russian Federation
- Animal studies show Semax reduces amyloid aggregation in Alzheimer's disease models (2022 PMC study)
- Genome-wide analysis showed Semax affects expression of genes related to immune and vascular systems in rat brain ischemia models
Safety notes
- Was placed on FDA Category 2 (do not compound) list in September 2023
- Expected to return to Category 1 (compoundable) under 2026 FDA reclassification, but formal rule change has not been published yet
- No completed large-scale Western clinical trials
- Should only be used under medical supervision
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